Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania holds a place of deep historical significance in American fly fishing, and the limestone spring creeks of its Cumberland Valley remain among the most technically demanding and rewarding trout fisheries in the eastern United States. The state's angling heritage traces back centuries, with innovations in fly tying, tackle design, and stream conservation that originated on Pennsylvania waters influencing the development of the sport across the continent. Today, streams like Penns Creek, Spring Creek, the Letort Spring Run, Falling Spring Branch, and Big Spring continue to produce wild and holdover trout that test the skills of even the most accomplished anglers.

The limestone spring creeks are the jewels of Pennsylvania fly fishing. Fed by groundwater filtered through calcium-rich bedrock, these streams maintain consistent temperatures and pH levels that produce extraordinary insect life and the highly selective trout that feed on it. The Letort Spring Run near Carlisle, immortalized by the writings of Vince Marinaro and Charlie Fox, is perhaps the most historically significant spring creek in America, its meadow stretches holding wild brown trout that sip tiny terrestrials and midges in flat, glassy currents that reveal every imperfection in leader construction and fly presentation. Falling Spring Branch and Big Spring nearby offer similar challenges in slightly different settings.

Beyond the spring creeks, Pennsylvania offers a remarkable breadth of trout water. Penns Creek in central Pennsylvania is the state's premier freestone fishery, with prolific hatches of green drakes, sulphurs, and March browns that bring large wild brown trout to the surface in a wooded limestone valley. Fishing Creek and Elk Creek in the northern tier provide additional wild trout opportunities, while Pine Creek and Kettle Creek flow through the Pennsylvania Grand Canyon, offering scenic freestone fishing in a remote mountain setting. The Delaware River system along the eastern border, particularly the upper main stem and the Brodhead Creek in the Poconos, adds further diversity.

Pennsylvania's trout season opens the first Saturday of April with a statewide opener that remains a cultural event, drawing thousands of anglers to their favorite streams for the traditional start of the season. The most rewarding fishing, however, occurs from mid-April through June when the succession of major hatches from Hendricksons through sulphurs to green drakes produces reliable dry fly opportunities on virtually every trout stream in the state. Fall fishing from September through November offers solitude, spawning brown trout, and late-season hatches of blue-winged olives and October caddis.