Micropterus dolomieu
The smallmouth bass is widely regarded as the finest freshwater game fish in North America on a pound-for-pound basis, combining explosive strikes, acrobatic leaps, and dogged fighting ability that surpasses even the most celebrated trout species. Distinguished from its largemouth cousin by a smaller mouth that does not extend past the eye, bronze-brown coloring, and dark vertical bars on the flanks, the smallmouth bass thrives in clear, cool rivers and rocky lakes across the northern and eastern United States and southern Canada. Smallmouth bass on a fly rod provide action that many experienced anglers compare favorably to steelhead and Atlantic salmon. They are particularly responsive to topwater flies, crashing poppers and crayfish patterns with a ferocity that generates addictive surface explosions. The smallmouth's preference for clear, moving water and rocky habitat makes it an ideal species for wade fishing with a fly rod.
Order
Perciformes
Family
Centrarchidae
Genus
Micropterus
Species
M. dolomieu
Clear, cool rivers with rocky bottoms and moderate current; rocky lakes with minimal vegetation; prefers clean water with temperatures of 60-75°F
Native Range: Great Lakes basin, upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee River drainages; Saint Lawrence River and associated waterways in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada
Introduced Range: Nearly every US state and southern Canada; also Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America, though less widely than largemouth bass
Crayfish are the primary food source in most habitats, supplemented by small fish (darters, minnows, sculpin), hellgrammites, dragonfly nymphs, and leeches
Smallmouth bass spawn in late spring when water temperatures reach 60-65°F, typically from May through June. Males select nest sites on rocky or gravel substrates in 2-6 feet of water. Like largemouth bass, males guard the nest and fry aggressively for several weeks after hatching.
Spawning Months
Spawning Temperature: 60-65°F
The Smallmouth Bass is currently classified as Least Concern; populations are healthy and expanding in many areas, though some native southern Appalachian populations face pressure from habitat degradation. Responsible catch-and-release practices help protect populations for future generations of anglers.
Smallmouth bass are strongly associated with rocky structure. Focus on current seams below riffles, boulder gardens, ledge drops, and rocky points on lakes. Crayfish patterns are the single most productive fly for smallmouth in rivers. Fish them on a dead drift through likely holding water or strip them erratically along the bottom.
A 9-foot 6-weight rod is perfect for most smallmouth bass fishing, offering enough power for larger flies while maintaining sensitivity for subtle takes. Use 8-12 lb fluorocarbon tippet.
Average Size
12-18 inches, 1-4 lbs
World Record
11 lbs 15 oz (Dale Hollow Lake, Tennessee, 1955)
